In general, a reference should contain the author name, date of publication, title of the work, and publication data.

Example: (The results for the control group [n = 8] are also presented in Figure 2

APA's Publication Manual, 6th Edition, provides complete style guidelines and should be consulted first in all matters concerning APA Style, but these FAQs will help clarify frequent areas of confusion.

Cite in text the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title) and the year. Use double quotation marks around the title or abbreviated title.: ("New Child Vaccine," 2001). Note: Use the full title of the web page if it is short for the parenthetical citation.

Information about using the <em>2007 APA Style Guide to Electronic References</em>.

Cite in text the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title) and the year. Use double quotation marks around the title or abbreviated title.: (

An interview is not considered recoverable data, so no reference to this is provided in the reference list. You may, however, cite the interview within the text as a personal communication.

A digital object identifier (DOI) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation) to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet.

Because posts from online social media, such as Twitter and Facebook, are not yet often fodder for scholarly research, specific reference examples aren’t included in the Publication Manual. However, some examples can be found in the Social Media section of the APA Style Blog.